关键词： Mobile edge computing   Truthfulness   Resource allocation   Algorithm design  

摘要： We address the problem of resource allocation with multi-attribute demand considering heterogeneous servers in mobile edge computing (MEC). A mobile device (MD) may be within the coverage area of multiple access points and can get resources from any server that can establish direct communication. However, the configurations of heterogeneous servers are different, so the demand for each MEC server is different. We tackle this problem and consider multi-attribute demand, where each MD is assigned exactly one of multiple demands. We formulate the allocation problem in an auction-based setting to provide server scalability. We propose a family of greedy mechanisms to solve the resource allocation problem. However, each MD is self-interested and may try to manipulate the system to maximize its utility. We show our mechanisms are truthful, and they drive the system into an equilibrium where no MD can declare an untrue value to obtain higher utility. We also analyze the approximation ratios of our greedy mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate that the greedy mechanisms obtain the near-optimal allocation in a short period while benefiting MDs and edge cloud providers.

关键词： Task analysis   Eavesdropping   Energy consumption   Autonomous aerial vehicles   Servers   Resource management   Resists   Unmanned aerial vehicle   mobile edge computing   active aerial eavesdropping   collaborative communication and computation   deep reinforcement learning  

摘要： Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) can provide flexible computing service for terminal-devices (TDs). However, malicious active aerial eavesdroppers can perform air-to-ground eavesdropping and air-to-air attacking, which makes TDs' tasks offloading computation more vulnerable, posing significantly secure threats to UAV-enabled MEC. To overcome this challenge, we aim to design collaborative communication and computation schemes for the secure UAV-enabled MEC system, where an active aerial eavesdropper is capable of wiretapping the tasks information offloaded from TDs and transmitting attack signals to the legitimate network. The total weighted energy consumption of the system is minimized via optimizing time allocation, transmit power, local and offloading computation bits, as well as UAV trajectory. First, considering the given number of computational tasks of TDs, a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based scheme is proposed to decompose the original multi-variables-coupling and close-form-lacking problem into several tractable subproblems that can be addressed by iterations. Next, considering that there are dynamic and random tasks arriving to TDs' original tasks, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based scheme is proposed to maintain the stability of tasks, where the solution of computation, communication and trajectory optimization is intelligently obtained by adopting double-deep Q-learning (DDQN). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform the respective benchmarks for secure UAV-enabled MEC against active aerial eavesdropping.

关键词： Mobile Edge Computing   Smart Manufacturing System   Offloading Decision   E-CARGO   Dynamic Weights   Resource Contention Mitigation  

摘要： With the widespread use of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) in smart manufacturing systems in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and 5G networks, determining how to efficiently offload computing tasks has become a hot research area. The Role-Based Collaboration (RBC) Environments-Classes, Agents, Roles, Groups, and Objects (E- CARGO) model is introduced to comprehensively manage MEC servers and user computation tasks in edge network environments, thereby improving the effectiveness and performance of task offloading in smart manufacturing systems. To begin with, latency and energy consumption are important indicators for evaluating the offloading effect. A pre-allocation algorithm based on user latency tolerance is proposed to dynamically adjust the latency-energy consumption weighting factor to optimize system resource allocation for real-time adjustment of offloading decisions. Second, the Group Role Assignment of Agent Role Conflicts (GRACAR) model based on E-CARGO is extended, along with a dynamic weighting of the GRACAR (GRACAR-DW) model and formal modeling. By introducing resource contention constraints, the resource contention caused by excessive task data offloading to the same MEC server is proactively mitigated. Finally, a Gurobi solution based on Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is developed to help validate and synthesize the proposed model. Simulation results show that the strategy considerably enhances the MEC system's overall performance in terms of latency and energy consumption while also providing new ideas and technological support for offloading decisions in edge networks.

关键词： Internet of things   Mobile edge computing   Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning   Computation offloading  

摘要： As a promising computing paradigm, mobile edge computing (MEC) can assist Internet of Things (IoT) devices in processing computation-intensive tasks. However, because of the different locations, limited resources, and dynamic loads of IoT devices and edge servers, designing a distributed computation offloading approach for the IoT system is challenging. In this paper, considering the delay-sensitive tasks and the binary offloading mechanism, we focus on designing a collaborative offloading scheme between different IoT devices. In order to reduce the overall consumed energy of IoT devices based on guaranteeing the delay constraints of tasks, we propose a distributed offloading algorithm by utilizing the value-based multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) method. Specifically, with the individual networks deployed locally and the collaborative network deployed at the edge, IoT devices can learn their offloading policies from expericence data, and then determine their offloading decisions independently. Compared with several baseline algorithms, the proposed algorithm can better achieve our optimiaztion goal, which is demonstrated by the experiment results.

关键词： Task analysis   Autonomous aerial vehicles   Optimization   Resource management   Statistics   Sociology   Green computing   Evolutionary algorithm   mobile edge computing   multiobjective optimization   unmanned aerial vehicles  

摘要： With the development of technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Internet of Things devices are widely used in smart agriculture, resulting in significant energy consumption. In this paper, the optimization problem for UAV-assisted mobile computing in smart agriculture is modeled as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem. By jointly optimizing the deployment position of UAVs, the offloading location of the tasks, the transmit power of the devices, and the resource allocation of the UAVs, two optimization objectives (total delay and energy consumption) are minimized simultaneously. In view of the complex constraints, a constrained multiobjective algorithm named JO-DPTS is proposed. The algorithm adopts dual-population and two-stage approach to improve population convergence and diversity. The simulation results substantiate that JO-DPTS exhibits superior performance compared to the other three state-of-the-art constrained multiobjective evolutionary algorithms.

关键词： Task analysis   Resource management   Optimization   Costs   Load management   Collaboration   Cloud computing   Computation offloading   deep reinforcement learning   mobile edge computing   resource allocation   task migration  

摘要： Internet-of-Things (IoT) has played a critical role in developing sustainable smart cities and emerging numerous latency-sensitive IoT applications. Mobile edge computing (MEC) federation has the capability to incorporate a transparent resource management approach, which enables the sharing and utilization of MEC services from edge infrastructure providers (EIPs) and provides agile access services to mobile devices (MDs). In this paper, we investigate the joint optimization problem of computation offloading, task migration, and resource allocation in the MEC federation. The objective is to minimize the weighted sum of latency and energy consumption while maintaining load balancing under the constraint of the long-term migration cost budget of EIPs. To address the problem, we decompose it into two sub-problems: 1) the MDs clustering sub-problem and 2) the sub-problem of joint computation offloading, task migration, and resource allocation. First, an MDs clustering matching (MDCM) algorithm is proposed to cluster the MDs in edge servers (ESs) according to the differences in channel gains. Afterward, the second sub-problem is simplified by the Lyapunov optimization technique, and then we propose a Transformer-based mobility prediction model and a decentralized deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)-based framework to solve it. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the cost-efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Mobile edge computing   Smart driving   Task offloading   Mobility management   Load balancing  

摘要： With the continuous popularization and evolution of 5G and 6G, mobile edge computing has achieved rapid development. This study explores the New Generation Mobile Edge Computing (NGMEC) architecture, which leverages numerous mobile nodes to provide users with enhanced computing services. Despite its advantages, NGMEC faces challenges such as high node mobility, load balancing difficulties, and incomplete environmental perception by agents, particularly in intelligent driving task offloading scenarios. We address these challenges by introducing novel applications of NGMEC and proposing specialized algorithms for node selection and load balancing. Furthermore, to tackle the issue of environmental perception incompleteness in NGMEC task offloading, we develop the Gated Recurrent Self -Encoding Deep Reinforcement Learning (GRSE-DRL) algorithm. Our research also includes the development of two platforms: the End -Edge -Cloud Simulation Experiment Platform and the Edge Computing Offloading Algorithm Energy Efficiency Test Platform. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme effectively maintains load balance among nodes, enhances task completion and connection success rates, and optimizes the trade-off between transmission delay and intelligent driving algorithms' effectiveness, enabling more efficient decision -making.

关键词： Autonomous aerial vehicles   Task analysis   Computational modeling   Data models   Vehicle dynamics   Training   Heuristic algorithms   Computational offloading   data caching   federated deep reinforcement learning   Internet of Vehicle   mobile edge computing   unmanned aerial vehicles  

摘要： Due to the dense buildings around the macro base stations (MBSes) and the hotspot requests within particular area (e.g., traffic intersections), it is a challenging task for Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee in Internet of Vehicle (IoV). To address these challenges, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be integrated into mobile edge computing (MEC) for IoV by leveraging their advantages of mobile flexibility, low price, and line-of-sight (LoS) communication links. In this paper, we establish a joint UAV-assisted IoV scenario, where both UAVs and MBSes can provide computation and data caching services for smart vehicles. Then, we formulate a joint optimization problem for dynamic data caching and computation offloading, aiming to minimize the average task processing delay and maximize the UAV cache hit ratio. By applying deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques, we design an intelligent data caching and computation offloading (IDCCO) algorithm to deal with large-scale and continuous state and action spaces. Furthermore, in order to accelerate the convergence speed of DRL model training while protecting the privacy of original user data in IoV, we propose a distributed training mechanism based on Federated Learning (FL), where the DRL model training is performed locally on UAV and global parameter aggregation is performed on MBS. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach over several comparative algorithms in shortening the training time, reducing the task processing delay, and maximizing the cache hit ratio.

关键词： Task analysis   Servers   Processor scheduling   Resource management   Cloud computing   Schedules   Job shop scheduling   Mobile edge computing   online combinatorial optimization   resource management  

摘要： The paradigm of mobile edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising solution to the increasing demand of time-sensitive applications, where tasks generated by users are offloaded to proximate edge clouds for low-latency execution. Due to the online nature of task generation and edge capacity bottleneck, a fundamental challenge for the MEC network is how to optimally schedule the tasks and resources in face of uncertain future arrivals. To this end, we propose a competitive algorithm named EdgeOPT for online parallel task scheduling aiming to maximize the cumulative reward of completed tasks subject to their hard deadlines. The algorithm leverages an adaptive threshold structure at each server to schedule tasks with different demand patterns based on the status of the system and all active users, while incorporating a subroutine for efficient resource allocations. We prove a bounded competitive ratio for EdgeOPT when scheduling monolithic tasks, and propose its extended version to schedule chains of dependent functions. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposal compared to all the baselines.

关键词： large language models   retrieval augmented generation   microservice deployment   mobile edge computing  

摘要： Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in autogenerating code based on natural language instructions provided by humans. We observed that in the microservice models of edge computing, the problem of deployment latency optimization can be transformed into an NP-hard mathematical optimization problem. However, in the real world, deployment strategies at the edge often require immediate updates, while human-engineered code tends to be lagging. To bridge this gap, we innovatively integrated LLMs into the decision-making process for microservice deployment. Initially, we constructed a private Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) database containing prior knowledge. Subsequently, we employed meticulously designed step-by-step inductive instructions and used the chain of thought (CoT) technique to enable the LLM to learn, reason, reflect, and regenerate. We decomposed the microservice deployment latency optimization problem into a collection of granular sub-problems (described in natural language), progressively providing instructions to the fine-tuned LLM to generate corresponding code blocks. The generated code blocks underwent integration and consistency assessment. Additionally, we prompted the LLM to generate code without the use of the RAG database for comparative analysis. We executed the aforementioned code and comparison algorithm under identical operational environments and simulation parameters, conducting rigorous result analysis. Our fine-tuned model significantly reduced latencies by 22.8% in handling surges in request flows, 37.8% in managing complex microservice types, and 39.5% in processing increased network nodes compared to traditional algorithms. Moreover, our approach demonstrated marked improvements in latency performance over LLMs not utilizing RAG technology and reinforcement learning algorithms reported in other literature. The use of LLMs also highlights the concept of symmetry, as the symmetrical structure of inpu